Organizational Structure, Culture, Management And The...

1. Introduction The aim of the report is to observe and analyse how organisational structure, culture, management and the leadership are helping to function effectively and achieve the organisational goals. I will try to apply as many different theories as possible to support the report. 2. Background of Burberry Burberry is a British luxury fashion brand that was founded in 1896 by Thomas Burberry, after which the company was named and has lived ever since to date. It is easily recognised as a British iconic brand, known for its iconic trench coats for men and women. The organization is listed in the London Stock Exchange and in 2015, the company recorded  £2515 m and profit before tax of  £421 m. It is driven four main objectives that†¦show more content†¦The latter can be and, quite often, are not realistic (Mullins, 2010). 4. Organisational Culture Organisational culture refers to the organisation s values, beliefs and customs. It is relatively simple to illustrate and explain the organisation s structure, but there is a bit more to explain the organisational culture. Organizational culture is an aspect of organizational life. We say that there is a strong culture when members of the organisation act because their values tend to meet the values of the organisation. On the contrary, there is a weak culture - when these values tend to differ from the values of the organisation. Then the control can be achieved through many bureaucratic procedures. Where culture is strong - people work because they believe that what they are doing is what they should do. But in this case there is a risk of another phenomenon: excessive group thinking. It s a condition where people think so much that they can’t resist group thinking, and thus reduce their innovative thoughts. This can happen, for example, where there is a great deal of trust in the central charismatic leader of the organisation, or where there is excessive belief in the values of the organisation. For comparison, bureaucratic organisations may not be able to think innovatively due to excessive dependence on established procedures. Innovative organisations need people who are ready to think critically about the current situation - whether it is a type of group thinkingShow MoreRelatedLeadership Culture : A Review Essay1674 Words   |  7 Pages Leadership Culture: A Review of the Literature Dallas Benson Liberty University â€Æ' Abstract Culture represents the informal set of attitudes, beliefs, goals, norms understandings, and values that provide both a sense of identity and purpose to an organization. Research into the influences of management on corporate culture include insights from a variety of fields to include business, economics, politics, psychology, and sociology. This review examines the literature on organization designRead MoreReshaping Organizational Culture Using the Burke-Litwin Model1110 Words   |  4 Pagesreshape the culture of an organization in an image they feel is more appropriate. The group went to Mexico to impose American ideas about organizations, power, gender roles and other American cultural ideas on an organization in a foreign culture. This paper will describe their efforts using the lens of the Burke-Litwin model for organizational change. Burke-Litwin The Burke-Litwin Model seeks to explain the processes and influences by which organizational change occurs. The organizational change processRead MoreToyota: a Glimpse of Leadership, Organizational Leadership, and Organizational Structure836 Words   |  4 PagesToyota: A Glimpse of Leadership, Organizational Behavior, and Organizational Structure Courtney Berry Organizational behavior is the study of application of individuals’ behaviors within structured groups within an organization (Robbins Judge, 2007). The field of study identifies behaviors within specific groups and individuals in organizations and how the structures of organizations play a role in behaviors (Robbins Judge, 2007). In the past several months, the leading company in the carRead MoreAnalysis Of Organizational Management During The United States Military1545 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of Organizational Management in the United States Military Throughout history, the theory of what constitutes effective management practice has evolved with the changes and advances in technology and society. 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The organizational structure influencesRead MoreHr Container Store1031 Words   |  5 PagesThe Container Store: Introduction: Organizational structure, culture and behavior affect the people at the work. They are co-related. The structure of organization is very important because it affects on operating costs, efficiency and effectiveness of work performance, behavior and performance of employees and speed of operations of an organization. ‘Who is responsible for what’, it depends upon structure of the organization. Each of employees of the organization has capacity to be a leaderRead MoreCreativity And Innovation Is The Driving Forces Of Organizational Success1495 Words   |  6 Pagesforces of organizational success (Nadler Tushman 1997). To achieve constant innovation creativity, leaders must actively implement strategies and establish an environment that encourages it (Nadler Tushman 1997). Hence, leadership is known as the catalyst and source of organizational creativity and innovation (Nadler Tushman 1997). Innovation and creativity also depend on the leader’s ability to manag e diversity in the organization as well as to develop an effective leadership structure that sustainsRead MoreCostco Wholesale Corporation s Organizational Structure1500 Words   |  6 PagesWholesale Corporation’s organizational structure is based on the company’s current operation and locations as well as the market. The organization structure is the shape to connect different organizational components to address the business needs. Costco’s organizational structure active enables the management of operations in different markets. Even though Costco is the biggest membership warehouse club in America, and designed it structure for success in the management of it business in the URead MoreThe Influence of Leadership on Organizational Culture1744 Words   |  7 PagesTHE INFLUENCE OF LEADERSHIP ON ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE Leadership is a matter of intelligence, trustworthiness, humaneness, courage, and discipline . . . Reliance on intelligence alone results in rebelliousness. Exercise of humaneness alone results in weakness. Fixation on trust results in folly. Dependence on the strength of courage results in violence. Excessive discipline and sternness in command result in cruelty. When one has all five virtues together, each appropriate to its functionRead MoreThe Stages Of The Organizational Life Cycle771 Words   |  4 Pagesbelieves that the stages of the organizational life structure are sequential and follows a natural progression. Theories relating to the organizational life cycle either include 4 or 5 stages. Churchill and Lewis (1983) propose an alternate theory of the organizational life cycle where there are 5 stages in the business/organizational life cycle and each stage is characterized by the owner’s involvement in the business, strategic goals, organizational structure , and the extent of the formal systems

Impact of Internet on Modern Youth - 1616 Words

Impact Of Internet On Modern Youth The content of the current media culture is often blind to a young person’s cultural,economic and educational background. The concept of a media culture has evolvedowing to the increased volume, variety and importance of mediated signs and messagesand the interplay of interlaced meanings. In the world of young people, the media are saturated by popular culture and penetrate politics, the economy, leisuretime and education. At present, the global media culture is a pedagogic force that has the potential to exceed the achievements of institutionalized forms of education. As Henry Giroux puts it:â€Å"With†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, various kinds of media-transmitted skill sand knowledge are stored and translated into movements of the body. This is evident in a number of youth subcultures involving certain popular sports, games and music/dances such as street basketball, skateboarding and hip hop. The body is highly susceptible to different contextual forms of control. While they are in school, pupils’ movements are regulated by certain control mechanisms and cognitive knowledge. In the streets, youth clubs and private spaces, however, their bodies function according to a different logic. Informal knowledge absorbed through the media culture requires some conscious memorizing but also involves physicall earning, quite often commercialized.11Third, in the experience of young people, media culture represents a sourceof pleasure and relative autonomy compared with home or school. As P. Willis states:â€Å"Informal cultural practices are undertaken because of the pleasuresand satisfactions they bring, including a fuller and more rounded sense of the self, of ‘really being yourself’ within your own knowable cultural world. This entails finding better fits than the institutionally or ideologically offered ones, between the collective and cultural senses —the way it walks, talks, moves , dances, expresses, displays— and its actual conditions of existence; finding aShow MoreRelatedImpact of Internet and Media on Modern Youth6198 Words   |  25 Pagesare combining qualitative and quantitative methods to explore the involvement of 9-19 year olds in today’s heavily mediated consumer culture, focusing on the opportunities and risks that the internet represents for young people. The enthusiasm with which this age group regards the internet (‘we are the internet generation’, they proclaim proudly), suggests a striking coincidence of interests between young people themselves and the rapidly growing industry which markets to them, developing dedicatedRead MoreCulture Globalization and Its Impact on Recreation Culture1353 Words   |  6 Pagesthe latest twenty century until that day by globalization theory, its concept and future impacts . the scientists opinions had varied about globalization repercussions at rising countries including the A rab and Islamic countries . cultural globalization is one of globalization fields which correlated by cultural side , all life fields impacted by globalization , the sport field is one of fields which impact by social phenomenon what appear on societies , but globalization appearance and its effectRead MoreThe Impact Of Mass Media On Youth And Society1378 Words   |  6 PagesThe Impact of Mass Media on the Youth and Society Nowadays, the issue of mass media has caused much debate in the modern society, as well as mass media is becoming more important as a component that negatively affects the behavior of young people. There are many other factors, such as micro-environment, economic instability, the decline of moral values affecting children and young people and encourage them to commit unlawful acts. However, unlimited access to the Internet, mobile phone use in theRead MoreEssay about The Impact of Globalization on Young People in Saudi Arabia1457 Words   |  6 Pagesthe start of trade links between Sumer and the Indus valley civilization in the third millennium. But the biggest impact was felt in the 1990s due to the growth of low cost communication networks which allowed people in different parts of the world to integrate through communication. In the recent past globalization has been improved even more by the fine communication through the internet and the advancement of technology. This has mad e the world become like a small village because people in far awayRead MoreEffects Of Modern Socialization Networks On Youth1260 Words   |  6 Pages EFFECTS OF MODERN SOCIALIZATION NETWORKS ON YOUTH SYED SAAD ALI Abstract The paper is a study of modern socializing sites effects on youth. Study revolves around the effects on youth of modern socializing in new era. Some recommend-aions are made on the bases on the findings of this study. Also, the study came out with some of the consequencesRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed The Family Life916 Words   |  4 Pagestechnology significantly affects our day by day life. Modern technology has positive effects on the social capacities of today’s youth. Notwithstanding, when high schoolers use it to shut out the typical occasions of everyday life, technology turns into a negative impact upon them. The social effects of technology help individuals are whom they want on the Internet, so they can simply act naturally without being judged eye to eye. The Internet can help online connections that form between individualsRead MoreInquiring Into The Social Assignment1586 Words   |  7 Pages Inquiring into the social – Assignment 1 Draft Summary In today’s modern society there have been numerous advances in the way we live our day to day lives. These advancements have not only changed the way we operate but have inadvertently shaped our younger generation into a more hybrid form. Gambling has always been seen as a chance to win more money at the expense of one’s wallet. Yet it is often that individuals are prone to losing more rather than gaining, which has affected many by sendingRead MoreThe Effect of Online Games on the Filipino Youth1653 Words   |  7 PagesCHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Background of the study The youth of today no longer seem to spend their leisure activities like in the olden days; outdoor games or playing with toys, instead, they spend their free time in their homes, internet cafà ©s or computer shops simply to satisfy their hunger; and that hunger is Online Gaming. Online gaming has such a profound impact on not only the young, but dynamically every age group as well. So far, virtually anyone is able to go on a computer and punch throughRead MoreAnalysis Of Rudyard Kipling s The White Man s Burden / Send Forth The Best Ye Breed1132 Words   |  5 Pagesdomination. In the years since the concept’s inception, the internet has emerged as a pervasive network of cultural products. Though many champion it as a democratic platform of self-expression, the modern internet has become a quintessential example of cultural imperialism and the homogenization that it entails. Definitions of cultural imperialism vary in their minutiae, but there are some overarching qualifications that the internet must meet if it is to be considered a facilitator of culturalRead MoreNegative Effects Of Technology On Youth1013 Words   |  5 PagesIn today’s modern society, technology is commonly thought of as a necessity. This thought can mainly associate with the youth of today. Youth of today can be described as children, teenagers, and young adults living in this day and age. Children and young adults alike have only lived in a world run by technology in their lifetime. Youth depends on technology because they do not know how to live without it. Modern technology includes cell phones, lap tops, television, and many other devices. Technology

The Declaration of independence Free Essays

According to the criminal justice department, in 2011 around 321 people were sentenced to death penalty, this being only in the state of Texas. Which brings up the question: Is the declaration of independence being respected in the US? Well†¦ Not really! Have you ever seen MTV’s show 16 and pregnant? Well in some of the teen cases they have an abortion; and there are actually places where this is legal and it is â€Å"ok† to do it. That being said; in this document you will find some arguments of why the declaration of independence is not being respected. We will write a custom essay sample on The Declaration of independence or any similar topic only for you Order Now If you’ve ever read the declaration of independence, you probably noticed that in its second paragraph it clearly states that all men are created equal and that there are certain unalienable rights that governments should never violate. These rights include the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. So lets talk a little about the first unalienable right, the right to life. No government should have the power to take a person’s life, as stated in the DOI the right to live is the first of the unalienable rights. So why is the government inducing lethal doses into thousands of people, or dropping bombs on Japan killing millions, or approving abortion. There is no possible way of making an end to a life â€Å"ok†. Death sentence should be abolished, since it is a clear violation to what The declaration of independence stands for†¦. As well as abortion and the use of chemical, or nuclear bombs. Taking a life is not only unacceptable it is a clear violation to what the declaration of independence stands for. Abortion, death sentence and bombs should definitely be abolished and not be taken in count in any situation. Well†¦ that being said the DOI is not being respected in the US and it is clearly being violated. It is a shame that the US actually has the death sentence and its definitely messed up that they don’t respect what the nation is basically based on! How to cite The Declaration of independence, Papers The Declaration of Independence Free Essays 2_01Revolutionary_Ideas Alex Wasko 4-20-13 Mr. Walsh The Declaration of Independence|Use this panel to provide a paragraph overview of the purpose and structure of the Declaration of Independence. The Declariation of Independence is a statement adopted by the Contenial Congress on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies then at war with Great Britan, regarded themselves as independent states, and no longer a part of the British Empire. We will write a custom essay sample on The Declaration of Independence or any similar topic only for you Order Now Instead they now formed a new nation the United States of America. Popular sovereignty is the principle that the legitimacy of the government depends on the will or consent of its people. â€Å"When in the corse of human events it becomes necessary for one person to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature,s god entitle them ,a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel to the separation. The Declaration of Independence essentially stated that the social contract that the colony of America had with the government of Great Britain was no longer valid. And, this is in the very first sentence. The social contract that was reflected in the Declaration was as a sign of enforcing Democracy. |Natural rights are rights not contingent upon the laws, customs, or beliefs of any particular cultur e or government, and therefore universal and inalienable rights. Individual rights are rights held by individual people; even if they are group-differentiated, what most rights are, they remain individual rights if the right-holders are the individuals themselves. |The only problem with the Declaration of Independence is the â€Å"all men are created equal† line. If they had meant â€Å"men† to be generic and apply to all people, it would be ok, but they clearly didn’t. They didn’t give women the right to vote or anything else. In fact, only male landowners were allowed to vote initially. | How to cite The Declaration of Independence, Papers

Difference Between Modern and Hasidic Orthodox free essay sample

Anti-ZionismDifferent type of Jews will have different ways in living their lives righteously. This is because distinctive sects of Jews will have diverse approaches of being righteous. For modern orthodox, they are more assimilated in the American community that they are living in and are more open to modern ideas. They also dress in modern clothing and seem to be less conservative on their culture. In other words, they â€Å"blend† with the American community, and can’t be distinguishable from others. Even though modern orthodox have the acceptance towards contemporary ideas, they are committed to their religion. On the other hand, Hasidic Jews are closed communities that would reject modern ideas and are more conservative on the culture that they had before they came up to America. As a part of their cultural identity, they wear clothes that their ancestors used to wear to maintain their culture and make sure that it does not wear away. We will write a custom essay sample on Difference Between Modern and Hasidic Orthodox or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are also differences between the faiths of each branch. Modern orthodox Jews believe that the Torah was written by man, but influenced by god. They also believe in a national movement for the return of the Jewish people to their homeland and the resumption of Jewish control in the Promised Land. This movement is known as Zionism. On the other hand, Hasidic Jews believe that the torah was written by god, and it is the word of god. They are also an anti-Zionist group. They believe that God and the Jewish people exchanged three oaths at the time of the Jews exile from ancient Israel, forbidding the Jewish people from massively immigrating to the Promised Land. Regardless all of that, they have some similarities. Both branches read torah and Talmud, and they both have the milestones and the same festivals. They also have the same symbolism such as the menorah and the Star of David, and have the same dietary laws. However, that does not mean that one is more Jewish than the other. There are different approaches of the fathers and their sons in protecting Jewish life and living out a life of righteousness. Danny’s father saw that his son, as he grew older, had more sense of superiority. He wanted to get rid of that without losing the love his son. Therefore, he decided to use the wisdom of the pain of silence to teach him a lesson that he will never forget. This made his superiority fade away, and his father now knows that Danny is a righteous man, and will not forget the commandments even after he goes to university. Reuvans father treated his son just as American father treats his son. Even though he allowed his son to live the American life, he made him read Talmud and Torah to protect the Jewish life.

Across Unknown Borders Essays - Allegory, Allegory Of The Cave

Across Unknown Borders Essays - Allegory, Allegory Of The Cave Across Unknown Borders " W e can easily forgive a child who is afraid of the dark; the real tragedy of life is when men are afraid of the light." -Plato North Koreans know of nothing other than their strenuous lives under a tyrannical dictator with barely enough food to get them through the day . Most North Koreans go their entire live s unaware of the outside world, though there are some who still find out about it . Once someone becomes aware that there is a life outside the prison of North Korea, one must then make the crucial decision of whether or not they want to try and escape living under a corrupt government , even though they risk being thrown into a brutal labor camp . Yeonmi Park, author of In Order to Live: A North Korean Girl's Journey to Freedom , disregarded the risks due to necessity when she and her mother crossed over the Tumen River and into China. Although not all situations are the same, attempting to escape North Korea is ultimately worth the risk of severe punishme nt threatened by the government because the risk of being caught is wor th the reward of being free . Plato's Allegory of the Cave examines the transition between naive captivity and freedom in the outside world. The prisoners are perpetually stuck in a cave ; chained to benches, unable to turn around for their entire lives . The only thing these people are able to se e are shadows on the wall in front them due to a "great bonfire" (Gerber) lit behind them, as well a different group of people standing between the fi re and the group of people. The second group of people serve as "puppeteers " (Gerber) , and create different shadows, which project onto the wall in front of the chained group. Those shadows are the only experience with the outside world the chained group have in their entire life. Due to the fact that this is the only visual experience these people have ever encountered, it is also how their "society" builds. If someone can figure out what the shadows represent quickly, they are considered more "elite" than the others or and if someone "judge [s] poorly or take [s] a long time to recognize the shad ows " (Gerber) , they are considered on the lower level of the social hierarchy. In North Korea, the people are metaphorically born chained to a bench a nd shadows are all they can see (Lee) . The bench is to North Korea as the shadows are to communist propaganda: North Koreans are stuck in their country, unable to leave and the only life they know is that of. Being able to tell what the shadows are quickly represents dedication to Kim Jong-Un and the North Korean dictatorship, while not being able to see what they represent, or not being able to tell quickly, represents those who are not completely brainwashed and have doubts about the tyrannical government of North Korea. Now, imagine that one of the prisoners finds out about the world behind him . He will do anything he can to escape, even though he knows no thing other than the cave wall (Gerbe r). The thirst for freedom is and will always be much stronger than the subconscious desire to follow the "rules" that people have lived by their entire lives. Just as the prisoners must escape their chains, North Koreans must escape their prison of a country. In June of 1950 , North Korea first invaded South Korea in what later became known as the Korean War. The Korean War was a major factor that lead to the downfall of the economy and ultimately the starvation of a vast number of Koreans. Kim Il-Sung, the dictator at the time, wanted to start a war with South Korea because he wanted to be the dictator of Korea as an entirety. Kim Il-Sung sent his troops deep into South Korea and "invaded SouthKoreawith the intention of reunif ying the nation under communism " (Axlerod Par. 3 ) , but around 1953, both countries stopped fighting and signed a peace treaty. They then

Critical Analysis Of The Scenarios Tourism Essay Essay Example

Critical Analysis Of The Scenarios Tourism Essay Essay Example Critical Analysis Of The Scenarios Tourism Essay Essay Critical Analysis Of The Scenarios Tourism Essay Essay Uninhabited until the seventeenth century, the island was ruled foremost by the Dutch and so the Gallic after the Dutch had abandoned it. The British took control during the Napoleonic Wars and Mauritius became independent from the UK in 1968. Mauritius is a parliamentary democracy and is member of the Southern African Development Community, the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa the African Union and the Commonwealth of Nations. The chief linguistic communications spoken in Mauritius are Mauritanian Creole, French and English. English is the lone official linguistic communication but the lingua franca is Creole and the newspapers and telecasting plans are normally in French. Ethnically, the bulk of the population is Indian and there are besides many people of African descent on the island and there are besides European and Chinese minorities. It is the lone African state where the largest faith is Hinduism although Christianity and Islam besides have important populations. The island of Mauritius is renowned for holding been the lone known place of the fogy. First sighted by Europeans around 1600 on Mauritius, the fogy became extinct less than eighty old ages subsequently. Tourism is the 3rd pillar of the Mauritanian economic system and is still a booming marine-based industry. The coastal sites chosen for touristry development are mostly exploited for their beauty and exoticness, aesthetic value, natural home grounds with singular biodiversity ( e.g. coral reefs, sand beaches and dunes ) , and the warm, clear and attractive laguna H2O. The figure of big hotels increased from 80 in 1991 to 95 in 2001, with practically all being located on or shut to the beach. The chief island of Mauritius has 177 kilometer of seashore and there are three coastal touristry development zones ( where hotels are already developed or planned ) numbering 96 kilometer ( 54 % ) : ( 1 ) Northern Zone from Balaclava to Grand Gaube ( 20 kilometer of seashore with 31 hotels of greater than 20 suites, and 21 dive Centres ) , ( 2 ) Eastern Zone from Roches Noires to Trou dEau Douce ( 39 kilometer of seashore, with 17 hotels and 7 dive Centres ) , and ( 3 ) South West Zone from Flic en Flac to Le Morne ( 37 kilometer of seashore with 15 hotels and 10 dive Centres ) . There are a farther three beach hotels near Mahebourg in the south E. Although all beaches are accessible by the populace, the domestic usage of beaches is constrained because most of the best beaches are bordered by hotel developments, and residential cottage developments are abundant along other beach-fronted parts of the seashore. The figure of tourers sing Mauritius increased from 300,000 to more than 650,000 during the same period ( Ministry of Tourism, 2001 ) , an addition of more than 100 % . Tourists come to Mauritius to bask the Sun, sand and sea, and their increasing figure ( expected to transcend 800,000 in 2003 ) produces an addition in demand for recreational activities, which involve beaching, swimming, snorkelling, plunging and the usage of fast boats ( skiing, para-ascending ) , little seafaring boats, glass underside boats, air current breaker and pedallos, H2O taxis along the sea shores every bit good as big catamarans and velocity boats cruising out to islets within the lagunas. for history can utilize ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hotelsmauritius.mu/history_of_mauritius.html ) Outgo Table Tourist s Outgo by type of Expenditure, 1989-2009 Harmonizing to the tabular array 1 the writer noticed that the tendency of outgo of tourers has been the same since many old ages, highest being in the adjustment sector, followed by the repasts and drinks, shopping, conveyance, amusement and the others. From 1998 to 2006 the tendency remained the same, whereas from 2009 the tendency started holding a minute alteration as the tourers started passing more on the amusement than the conveyance. Conveyance The local agencies of conveyance found in Mauritius is either the local coachs or the taxis. The major coachs run from 6am to 6:30pm, while there are really few late coachs that run till 11pm. The coach menu ranges between Rs. 12 for short trips and Rs. 30 for the late coachs. There are few air-conditioned coachs which cost few more than the normal menu. Hiring a cab by and large cost around Rs. 1,500 to 2,000 for a twenty-four hours. The cab menu does non change on the figure of people sharing. There are few cab drivers that cruise around few countries to pick up the riders waiting at the coach stands with a little more menu. This service is known as share cab or taxi trains . Local Food Mauritius culinary art is a mixture of Creole, Chinese, African, European and Indian. The Mauritanian curries are quite spicy and the curries are made with fish, poulet or beef. Few of the celebrated Mauritian local dishes are Daube de Poisson, Langouste a La Creole, Briani, Beef Black Beans, etc. The street nutrient in Mauritius can be said to be a mixture of Indian and Gallic bites, few of the most common dishes are samoussas, gateaux pomme de terre, gateaux piments, wands fromages and dholl purri or roti ( sort of a battercake served along with tomato sauce and hot bean curry normally known as Indian relish ) . Local Attractions As we know Mauritius is an island which is celebrated for its bluish sea and aureate littorals, so the chief attractive forces here are the natural beauty like, beaches, waterfalls, marine life, coastal line roads, nature Parkss, sailing A ; sails, H2O athleticss, etc. Few of the chief attractive forces are Botanical garden, Black River Gorges national park, Port Louis, Ile aux Crefs Island, Chamarel Park 7 colored Earth A ; chamarel falls, Casela Nature A ; Leisure Park, Catamaran Sailing sails, Water Sports, Swim with Dolphin, Scuba Diving and submarine walk, etc. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.travelmauritius.info/mauritius_food_cuisine.html TALC ( island touristry sustainable position ) Tourism Area Life Cycle To understand the development of a finish there are many theoretical accounts, but Butler s theoretical account of Tourism Area Life Cycle is one of the most effectual theoretical account. The theoretical account proposes that the finish evolves through many phases: ( 1 ) geographic expedition, ( 2 ) engagement, ( 3 ) development, ( 4 ) consolidation, ( 5 ) stagnancy, ( 6 ) diminution and ( 7 ) greening. Mostly TALC is used for the finishs that are mature and have reached the stagnancy stage. TALC was criticized a batch due to which Butler revised the theoretical account and besides highlighted the facets such as transporting capacity, dynamism and the long-run planning to besiege the diminution. Harmonizing to pantryman from the consolidation phase it is considered as the critical scope of elements of capacity. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.uvm.edu/rsenr/rm230/butler_tourist_life_cycle.jpg Figure Tourism Area Life Cycle The first epoch ( 1980-1989 ) The geographic expedition phase of Mauritius started in the 1950 s, with its first hotel Beachcomber gap in 1952. The geographic expedition phase was of really short continuance, by 1974 the figure of hotels in Mauritius rose to 30 and on an mean the tourer reaching increased to 12.3 % yearly from 1974 to 1979. With this we can state that Mauritius had entered the engagement phase. As shown in the tabular array 2 Mauritius entered the development phase by 1980 s. From 1980 to 1984 the tourer reachings were non changeless in their growing per centum, once it s increasing and so it s diminishing. 1984 onwards, positive and dual figure growing was acquiring common. Harmonizing to the tabular array 2 the 10 old ages from 1980 to 1989 had a consistent year-on-year growing in the tourer reception. Harmonizing to ( hypertext transfer protocol: //books.google.com.sg/books? id=-i3ksc2ZrSgC A ; pg=PA130 A ; lpg=PA130 A ; dq=hotel+development+incentive+act+of+1974, +mauritius A ; source=bl A ; ots=2DJV47v_uq A ; sig=a6eCEKfYaZGP4rztQTWoJqrUA4o A ; hl=en A ; sa=X A ; ei=tx7AUMaJK8SPrgf4woGoCQ A ; sqi=2 A ; ved=0CDwQ6AEwAA # v=onepage A ; q=hotel % 20development % 20incentive % 20act % 20of % 201974 % 2C % 20mauritius A ; f=false ) the Hotel Development Incentive Act of 1974, authorities provided a batch of inducements to the hotel developers. The act included the import responsibility freedoms on capital equipment, free repatriation of net incomes A ; dividends, income revenue enhancement grants, favourable corporate revenue enhancements and loans on decreased involvement rates from Mauritius Development Bank. As cited by Gabbay, 1988 A ; Brown, 1997 in ( hypertext transfer protocol: //books.google.com.sg/books? id=-i3ksc2ZrSgC A ; pg=PA130 A ; lpg=PA130 A ; dq=hotel+development+incentive+act+of+1974, +mauritius A ; source=bl A ; ots=2DJV47v_uq A ; sig=a6eCEKfYaZGP4rztQTWoJqrUA4o A ; hl=en A ; sa=X A ; ei=tx7AUMaJK8SPrgf4woGoCQ A ; sqi=2 A ; ved=0 CDwQ6AEwAA # v=onepage A ; q=hotel % 20development % 20incentive % 20act % 20of % 201974 % 2C % 20mauritius A ; f=false ) the hotel tenancy % rose from 55 % in 1979 to 80 % in 1985, however by 1988 the tenancy % declined to 66 % . Table Tourism Statistics for the period 1980-1989 The 2nd epoch ( 1990-1999 ) In 1990 s Mauritius saw it itself traveling into the consolidation phase where the growing rate of the hotel was decelerating down. Due to the glut of hotels in the market, the authorities took action by stop deading the issue of the hotel development certification. Harmonizing to the tabular array 3 the writer can see a diminution in the figure of hotel from 95 in 1995 to 92 in 1999, and even the tourer arrival year-on-year growing was really unpredictable, get downing with 10.9 % in 1990 and stoping with 3.9 % in 1999. The writer besides noticed that the year-on-year tourer reception growing was besides worsening with in this period. The 2nd epoch saw the international hotel groups come ining Mauritius market like Accor group, and the bing groups were beef uping their place in the market. Within this period the growing of four and five star hotel was seen. ( island touristry sustainable position ) Table Tourism Statistics for the period 1990-1999 The 3rd epoch ( 2000-2008 ) ( island touristry sustainable position ) With the start of the new millenary Mauritius entered the TALC s stagnancy stage. Harmonizing to Butler ( 1980 ) the stagnancy stage is distinguished with many characteristics ; economic, environmental and societal jobs, bed capacity, heavy dependance on the re-visit and the finish trade name image acquiring alteration. As seen in the tabular array 4 Mauritius experienced a positive year-on-year growing in the tourer reaching but less than 4 % within 2001-2006. The writer has besides noticed that the figure hotels were changeless for 3 back-to-back old ages ( 2000-2002 ) and started worsening from 99 in 2005 to 97 in 2007. In comparing to the last two eras the travel and touristry industry in Mauritius had a worsening stage. Even in this ear Mauritius saw an inconsistent positive growing in the tourer grosss. With all the inconsistent tourer reachings and the tourer receipts the authorities had to reexamine on the finish development schemes. In 2000 Deloitte and Touche a confer withi ng house was funded by European Community for developing a touristry program for Mauritius. Harmonizing the study Mauritius should rejuvenate and diversify its traditional 3S ( Sea, Sand and Sun ) merchandise. Harmonizing to ( island touristry sustainable position ) there was a drastic up-gradation in the hotel installations in the luxury market and it besides increased its tourer s carrying capacity by constructing 6 new hotels within the period of 2003-2004. Mauritius besides increased its handiness to the traditional and non-traditional markets, due to which a big figure of tourer reachings were seen in 2007. These steps corresponded to the greening schemes recommended by TALC ( Agarwal, 2002 ; Butler, 2006b ) . Table Tourism Statistics for the period 2000-2008 Multiplier Effect When an country is developed as a tourer finish, the economic system benefits as new occupations are created and visitants brings more concern to local people. Money is added to an country when person from outside its boundary lines buys a good or services produced in the country. This money is so re-spent in the economic system, which can be used in bettering the local services, either by developing better conveyance and substructure or by supplying more installations for visitants and local people. This is known as Multiplier Effect . The money spent by the tourer has both the direct and indirect effects. The endeavors that straight benefits from the tourer disbursement are like, hotels, attractive forces, conveyances, eating houses, etc. Other concerns that may hold some benefits from the tourers are stores, concerns that are indirectly relate to the goods and services provided to the tourers, like washs, nutrient providers, etc. Example: If tourer stays a dark in Mauritius, they will pay to the adjustment to the hotel. The hotel will utilize that money to pay the staffs and the providers. Then the staff will utilize that money in some local store and the provider will utilize that money to pay their staff. So the money is invariably being circulated in the country and bring forthing more wealth for other concerns and therefore it is known as multiplier consequence . Nevertheless, a part of money paid to the hotel is lost in paying the revenue enhancement to the authorities or to the provider those are non within the country, due to which the money is non future circulated in the country, and this is known as the leakage in the local economic system. Beginning: Rowe, A. , Smith, D.A. A ; Borien, F. ( 2002 ) Smita nundlol ( reserve director martim hotel Singapore ) Critical analysis of the scenarios Conclusion/ Stakeholders Response Tourism on a whole is all about being responsible and taking attention of your actions. Steering touristry enlargement toward local demands, involvements, and bounds can greatly better touristry s value to the community and assist make a sustainable industry. Numerous little communities have the accomplishments and resources for successful touristry development. Making a local touristry industry is non an unapproachable undertaking, but doing touristry truly robust the community requires work. Making a successful and sustainable touristry industry is like making any successful and sustainable economic activity. The primary motive for a concern or part to supply tourers is by and large economic. An single concern is interested chiefly in its ain grosss and costs, while a community or part is concerned with touristry s overall part to the economic system, every bit good as its societal, economic and environmental impacts. A good apprehension of touristry s economic impacts is hence o f import for the touristry industry, authorities functionaries, and the community as a whole. Turning finishs therefore should implement assorted schemes to increase direct gross such as touristry grosss ( revenue enhancements aside ) which can be expanded by increasing the figure of visitants, their mean length of stay, and their mean day-to-day outgo.

Summary of ONE article for Rhetorical Analysis Essay

Summary of ONE article for Rhetorical Analysis - Essay Example He also mentions the anti-immigration groups, residents on the border, and business owners who have resisted the bishops and any treatment that resembles â€Å"amnesty.† Kavanaugh’s piece tries to culminate with his argument that a nation that identifies itself as â€Å"Judeo-Christian and humane† should follow biblical teachings, higher law, and the courageous example of leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr. in challenging unjust laws. Admitting that unrestrained immigration would help nobody, Kavanaugh exhorts the country to move constructively towards legal status to anyone who contributes to other people’s common good. He further suggests a radically new solution to this problem. He suggests that the country needs a citizen panel for the review of an immigrant’s legal status. He finally concludes by stating that turning away undocumented immigrants is an immoral act whose motive is self-interest

Interview Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Interview Project - Essay Example For that reason, the servant leader shares his power with the people and puts the needs of the people first and helps his subordinates to fully develop their potentials. The servant leader therefore views himself/herself as a servant of the people mandated by the people to lead them and to help them to exploit their potentials and be able to achieve their goals in life. This paper is an Interview project synthesis. The paper is composed of two parts. The first part is the summary of the interview on servant leadership that was carried out on Moses Charlton, chairman of a Catholic parish council based in Dallas Texas, while the second part is an evaluation of what has been learnt in the interview, and a synthesis of this information into a personal philosophy of leadership. Professional Background of the interviewee The interviewee said that he is a trained human resource manager. He said that he has a master’s degree in human resource management. He also said that he has atten ded various courses on leadership in the Catholic church and he is therefore well versed with leadership in the church. On his experience in leadership, the interviewee said that he has served as a human resource manager in various companies for a period of thirty years, before his retirement. Mr Charlton therefore said that he has extensive knowledge of leadership both in the cooperate world and also in the church. Charlton’s responsibilities as the chairman of Catholic Parish council in Dallas Texas As the chairman of parish council, Mr. Charlton is first and foremost, the head of the parish council and he is the one who chairs all the meetings of the parish council in the parish. Charlton also is in charge of all development projects in the parish; he oversees all the development projects in the parish. Mr Charlton also is the coordinator of all the activities in the parish, and he is therefore mandated to ensure that all the activities in the parish run smoothly in accord ance with the program of the parish. Charlton’s Philosophy of Leadership On his philosophy of leadership, Charlton said that he is a servant leader. And when I asked him what he understands the servant leadership to be, he said that, servant leadership is a style of leadership whereby the leader views himself not as the master or as the boss of the people, but rather as the servant, the steward, or the shepherd of the people. Charlton went on to say that the guiding principle of servant leadership is to treat people not merely as means to achieve some objective, but rather to see the people as the very objective or the goal of leadership. He went on to explain that, although in leadership making profits for the organisation is of course one of the goals of leadership, monetary profits however should not be made at the expense of the lives of the people/ workers. He said that for him, the primary objective of leadership is to empower his subordinates and to ensure that they ar e contented and to ensure that he has given them conducive environment and means to fully exploit their potentials. He went on to argue that, although at fast glance servant leadership may seen as a leadership style that will lead to massive losses in the organisation, servant leadership actually leads to making an organisation successful

What do empirical tests of the Capitsl Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) tell Essay

What do empirical tests of the Capitsl Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) tell us about the validity of this model - Essay Example e no taxes or transaction costs; 2) all investors share the same market opportunities; and 3) all investors have the same information on expected returns, volatilities, and correlations of securities available. It was found that under these assumptions Tobin’s (1958) super efficient portfolio (it consists of the risk-free asset added to Markowitz’s portfolio on the efficient frontier) must also be market portfolio. Further on, Sharpe (1964) divided portfolio risk into systematic and specific. While systematic risk affects every asset of a portfolio (as the market moves, each individual asset is more or less affected), specific risks are unique to individual assets (it represents the component of an assets return which is uncorrelated with general market moves) and thus can be diversified in the context of a whole portfolio. In other words, the expected rate of return of a portfolio depends not on specific risks of assets, but on the systematic risk of a portfolio. where ERi is the expected rate of return on asset i, Rf is a risk-free rate, ERm is the expected rate of return of the market portfolio, and ÃŽ ² is systematic risk. As can be seen from the SML equation, excess return depends on beta alone and not on systematic risk plus specific risk. Moreover, the connection between rate of return and beta is linear for portfolios. Obviously, CAPM was designed as a way to determine prices of assets in market portfolios. Indeed, given a systematic risk value and asset’s expected rate of return investor can adjust the price of an asset using the SML formula. However, because of its ‘ideal’ nature CAPM is often seen only as a theoretical tool. In practice its main assumptions are not true, and all investors have different information on risk-return characteristics of assets. Since CAPM introduction to nowadays SML equation became a topic of wide academic discussion. Studies performed to assess the validity of CAPM can be divided into three general groups:

Gender Representation in Advertisements

Gender Representation in Advertisements GENDER REPRESENTATION IN COMMERCIALS Imagine a commercial where a half naked man is bringing a beer bottle to a woman while pouring it all  over himself; Imagine a commercial where a loving husband cooks dinner while his wife is watching the  television on the sofa. Just imagine. Something does not seem right? That is because society is used to  certain types of commercials; ones where women are playing the domestic role and men are strong,  needed people. In this essay I will be explaining how different genders are being represented in the TV  advertisements and why ‘life’ from commercials is not something to look up to. Throughout the essay  these points will be shown by ‘taking apart’ commercials that have been on our TVs and we did not even  pay attention to the details and signs that were in front of us the whole time. Firstly, I would like to start from children’s commercials because the roles that young girls and boys are  playing are very similar to the ones that men and women have in other commercials. In one of the  Fisher-price.com[i] ads for a doll house, we can see two girls playing with some of the dolls and they are  already placing the ‘dad’ at the table sitting down while the ‘mom’ cooks and prepares everything,  whilst taking care of the ‘babies’. On the other hand, in a Tonka toy[ii] commercial we can see two boys  playing with the Tonka toys and they are being portrayed as very simple, not intelligent people as their  vocabulary is limited to ‘’This tool rules!’’ and ‘’Yea’’. In both of these commercials we can clearly see  that our children are being thought from a very young age who has which role in the family and this  society. Girls are there to serve the guys and guys are there to give a hand to the helpless girls. Secondly, we can look at commercials where the main characters are played by teenage girls and guys.   In Bissell commercial[iii] for a vacuum cleaner, we can see a family where the mom and her daughter are  very excited about cleaning and the boy in the family offers to get the vacuum for them, but the girl tells  him that there is no need because the vacuum cleaner is not even heavy. Cleaning is being shown as  something fun and easy, and by this society pushes girls into domesticity from young age. When we take  a look at teen males, Axe ad[iv], some people would say that it is just a funny commercial, but others could  be very offended by it. There is a need for the sexual desire of the audience, female and male, since  women are wearing very revealing clothing and are being shown as sexual objects and are willing to do  anything for the attention and acceptance of men. The guy in the commercial is also being shown as just  some kind of a sexual object because he is half naked and women are all over him- stereotypes of  masculinity. And finally, let’s take a look at how adult females and males are being represented in commercials. In  Dyson Vacuum cleaner[v] ad firstly we see a woman in a bikini posing for a photo in some kind of a photo  shoot. The photographer is a man, and the staff that brings drinks to the employees are girls. In the next  moment we see that a vacuum cleaner is connected to the models back and when the guy who is   holding the vacuum cleaner turns it off, the model becomes overweight and much more curvy. She does  not look upset by this fact at all, moreover she is totally fine with it and even walks of the set smiling. This commercial is very downgrading towards women and is very hard to look at and laugh from a  women’s perspective. For the male adults, I have chosen the Milwaukees BEST LIGHT[vi] commercials  because all of them are sending the same message. Men who are showing affection towards their  partners do not deserve to live is the most simple way of putting what this commercial has to show. If  there is any sign of caring and loving side in a man, they are not masculine; all men need to behave in a  tough guy manor, and if not they get mocked and put down. All of these commercials show us how society has accepted certain roles in life as normal, where women  are portrayed as subordinate to men. This can be connected to Marxism, where the proletariat role have  women and men are the bourgeoisie. Gramsci explains that the process by which a power relationship is  accepted, consented to and seen as natural or as ‘common sense’ exists- Hegemony. It is ‘normal’ that a  woman is cleaning, washing, taking care of children, cooking and serving her partner. It is ‘normal’ that a  man is working, bringing the money to the house, fixing things, waiting for everything to come to him,  not caring. Commercials are a part of the media and a lot of people blame the media for everything that the society  is doing and thinking. Levin and Kilbourne claim that heavy exposure to media alters the viewers  perception of social reality in a way that matches the media world, and they are not the only ones. A lot  of very influential people share their opinion, like Germaine Greer, an Australian theorist and academic,  who believes that the media upholds an ideal image of beauty in its representation-an image that the  women are made to be desperate to conform to. The emphasis on beauty/’sexiness’ and women in the  media has meant that women now believe that if they do not conform to this-if they are not beautiful-  they are not successful and are useless. Not only women are the ones who are trying to fit into this  picture that has been imposed on us, according to the research done by academics a lot of men feel the  same way. There is a lot of focus on mus cled and very fit male bodies and it is causing men the same  anxiety and personal insecurity that women have felt for decades. At first I did approach this topic from a feminist side, but simply because it was quite obvious that men  are the one in control and the women were represented as passive objects of the male gaze (Mulvey  1975). University of North Texas professor Steve Craig said that women tend to be represented as  rewards for men who choose the right product; these commercials are narratives of playful escapades  away from home and family. Later on, as I was going through even more material, such as Kraft dressing[vii] and Diet Coke[viii]  commercials, I realized that a number of ads have represented men as objects for the female gaze.  Women viewers are not passive but active and engage critically with these kinds of media texts by   selecting texts that have meaning for them. Even though we do blame the media for these impositions,  Gammon and Marshment stress the importance of the audience’s role in the construction of meaning in  media texts and emphasis the range of interpretations that any text offers. Although these days there are a lot of commercials that are representing men and women differently,  one type of commercial has never been made with a female as the customer and the men as the ‘bait’-  beer commercials. For this reason I have decided to concentrate on beer commercials and how they  affect women and men everywhere. According to Susan Bordo, an academic, men in beer ads are always  being portrayed as virile, slim, muscular and powerful, whilst the women are eager for male  companionship, weak, vulnerable. Men and beer have gone together for ages. Beer is crafted by men in  factories owned by men, sold to men, and consumed by men. I have done a research in order to see if my suspicions are indeed correct. After gathering the results of  my survey, I have found out that a 100% of females asked knew what beer is and have tried it before,  80% of them liked it and would have it again and 48% of them said that beer is their number one drink  when choosing to drink alcohol. When talking about just the United States, according to Dr, Bart Watson  women account for 25% of total consumption by volume, and 37% of craft-beer consumption in the  United States. Meg Gill has said: ‘’It has gotten better the last few years, but sometimes you hear ‘let me pour you  something sweet, honey.’ Women, just like men, love hops. And women can detect bitterness much  better than men.’’ Women were also the first to turn brewing into a lucrative industry, taking beer out  of their kitchens and selling it for a profit around town. In medieval Europe, women known as alewives  skirted the discriminatory rules against female ownership of land and business by opening ale houses.   So why aren’t there any beer commercials where the women are drinking beer and the men are bringing  it to them? Factory-dominated brewing has gone on for so long it seems that society has completely  forgotten that beer was once the domain of women. A lot of people assume that women are trying beer  just because their husband or boyfriend offered them once, when in reality women have been drinking  beer for a longer time than they have been with their husbands. Gender inequality leads to economic  disadvantage for women, gendered violence, exclusion from the higher echelons of power but also from  enjoying good beer. Arbitrary and anachronistic feminine stereotypes are internalized essentially by  women- Naomi McAuliffe. If any of the companies do choose to try and sell the beer to the female part of society, they need to be  very careful since they are not just telling us what beer we are supposed to be drinking, they are also  letting us know what they think about us, collectively, and as individuals. According to Beer Genie the  reason that women don’t drink as much beer as men is a combination of misconceptions, myopic macho  marketing, a lack of knowledge and information and the way it is served. It has nothing to do with the  taste, and that is why I think that the commercials are to blame for women being ‘afraid’ to try beer or  even ask for one in a bar/pub. In order to try and change the view of beer, I have decided to make a beer commercial where the roles  will be changed. The woman is going to be the one drinking the beer, and the man is going to be the one  handing it to her. I am hoping that by doing this, I will be able to show how by just reversing the ‘normal’  roles, men and women can be seen in a different light. If we want to provide males and females with a wide range of possible roles, we need to make sure that  they are being thought from the young age that they are free to explore all the roles. There is a lot of  room for improvement when it comes to gender representation in commercials. [i] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NHy8zMPOa2Q [ii] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EHlmGRhj7vM [iii] Look at the attachment [iv] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6rAQHa1gmc [v] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t_3oIy5jAG0 [vi] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xGItoKaX0BM [vii] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uH1dEWhutm8 [viii] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ff-jBpca7Cw BIBLIOGRAPHY: http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/aug/14/pint-beer-woman-right Accessed: 22/5/15 http://www.acrwebsite.org/search/view-conference-proceedings.aspx?Id=7225 Accessed: 22/5/15 http://firstwefeast.com/drink/how-craft-beer-fails-its-female-fan-base/ Accessed: 25/5/15 http://www.tested.com/food/460240-women-are-taking-back-beer/ Accessed: 20/5/15 http://www.beerwestmag.com/the-magazine/feature-have-you-really-come-a-long-way-baby/ Accessed: 22/5/15 http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/aug/14/pint-beer-woman-right Accessed: 20/5/15 All of these sources are very reliable and up to date. Some of them have been written in more than two years ago, but have been updated fairly recently.

why i dont want to submit this essay :: essays research papers

One of Frost’s commonest subjects is the choice the poet is faced with two roads, two ideas, two possibilities of action. â€Å"The Road Not Taken† deals with the choice between two roads, and with the results of the choice which the poet makes. It raises the evident question of whether it is better to choose a road in which many travel, or to choose the road less traveled and explore it yourself. In â€Å"The Road Not Taken,† the speakers’ tone and setting help illustrate the struggle a person goes through in their lives to pick the right road to travel. It is possible to read this poem as a statement of some self-pity on the poet’s part, a feeling, perhaps, that he has been cheated and misunderstood because he took an unpopular path. To support this tone, one might point to the last stanza: The speaker will some day, sighing, tell others that he took the unknown road when faced with a choice. The reading, however, misses much of the significance of the second and third stanzas. At the end of the second, the speaker states that there was really not much difference in the two roads; neither had really been worn by traffic, though one had been given more wear than the other. It becomes obvious that the speaker’s tone begins to change. It becomes a little more confident, not much, but definitely less confused and scared than he was earlier. The first glimpse of this change in tone is in the eighth verse where he says, â€Å"because is [the second road] was grassy and wanted wear.† It also shows that the speaker may not want to be like everybody else, a follower, but instead, chose a different road and be himself, a leader. This verse also says that the road wanted wear, like he was drawn to the path, not just out of his own desire to be different, but maybe out of some pity. That pity being that the road is traveled less not because it is not appealing, but that people are too afraid to be different. Verse 12 is interesting when the speaker says that, â€Å"In leaves no step had trodden black,† which the reader could interpret meaning that few people who did choose to take the road less traveled did not come across any difficulties or obstacles. He then goes on to say that, â€Å"Oh, I kept the first for another day,† as to say

Ak vs M4

M4 Carbine Vs. AK47 Dillon Drews Compare/Contrast 11/1/2012 1 In the battlefield your weapon in your hand is the most important asset the will decide if you are sharing beers with your buddies or dirt with worms. Over the test of time and the history of battles, both the M4 carbine and the AK47 have been scrutinized on which weapon system is the better assault rifle for American troops to use. These dealers of death both have the same result, but in terms of size/weight, ammunition, firepower/ accuracy, reliability and service life.One can argue, that one assault rifle id better than the other. The M4 carbine entered the military in 1997, which was a more compact version of its predecessor the M16a2. The American made assault rifle was introduced in the Vietnam War and had all kinds of problems, but has been tweaked to the ever-changing battlefield. The M4 carbine enables a soldier operating in close quarters to engaging targets at extended ranges with accurate, lethal fire. The AK47 entered the Russian military in 1947. Russia and many other countries adopted the AK47 as their main military service rifle.The Kalashnikov has a cheap cost and the ability to fire under any condition; these are the main reasons for its popularity. The M4 carbine has a strong agile body. The stock is retractable and extendable; this is ideally suited for use in close quarters and by soldiers who operate in small rooms or vehicles with limited storage space. The M4 favors are versatility and modularity. The M4 assault rifle has a rail that allows the operator to mount optics and lighting components. The M4 with a fully loaded magazine of 30 2 rounds carries a small weight at 7. 5lbs. This will allow the soldier to carry more ammo for the assault.The current issue M4 is 33 inches long with the stock extended and 29. 8 with the stock retracted. The AK47 was designed to be cost effective, and manufactured quickly. The AK has variants with collapsible stocks, but mainly has a solid wood en stock. This makes the weapon longer than its American rival at 37 inches. Unlike the M4 carbine, the AK 47 does not have a rail system that allows for optics to be mounted, this limits the additions to the weapon, but helps keep the weight down. The AK47 with a fully loaded 30 round magazine has a heavier weight than the M4 at 10. 5lbs.The length of the AK47 is only slightly longer than the M4 at 34. 3 inches, which makes it a viable automatic weapon for its size. The M4 Carbine caliber is a 5. 56mm round, which has a weight of 3. 6 grams. Being such a small round compared to the larger round of the AK47, it has a reputation for excellent accuracy, a flat trajectory and a high velocity. This allows shooters to take headshots out to 300 meters. The effective range on this round and M4 is 500 yards and has a lethal range of 900 meters. The high velocity cartridge has longer-range accuracy than the AK47.AK47 rifles use a 7. 62mm round. With a larger round than the M4 it comes in hea vier at 7. 9 grams, but this gives it more penetration power when having to shoot through walls, body armor, or objects being used for cover. However the heavier round has an arched trajectory, where as the M4 was flat. With the arched trajectory 3 add to a less effective range at 380 yards. This makes longer-range targets out of range for the shooter of the AK47. Designed to fire fast, accurate and far the M4 have a straight line recoil design. The recoil spring is located directly behind the bolt.This significally allows the shooter to shift points of aim and have faster follow up shots with less recoil, leaving the shooter with less fatigue. The smaller round the M4 uses causes less muzzle rise, a limiting factor when firing during fully automatic. The AK47 uses a larger bullet as previously discussed, the larger bullet leads to more kick back and recoil upon firing the weapon. The AK has only two select firing positions, semi automatic and fully automatic. Without a single round firing mode, the weapon fires multiple rounds at a time, which makes it less accurate.Although the weapon is less accurate, the gun is heavier and has a slower rate of fire. This function helps mitigating the recoil from firing it. The original issue AK47 was not designed with vertical fore grips, some variants have made fore grips to improve characteristics to counter the effects of the recoil. Making a rifle that will be in the hands of the service men that protect your country, the most important factor is reliability. The M4 carbine has gone through trials and tribulations of testing to make it in the hands of our armed forces.On average the M4 fires 5000 rounds between stoppages, if properly cleaned, lubricated, and maintained. If the chamber is dirty with carbon from fired rounds or dirt, the M4 has the tendency to have rounds jam in the chamber. The 4 manufacturing companies of the M4 carbines have added a forward assist button to the weapon to drive the round in the chamber during a malfunction. The service life of the M4 is between 20,000 to 50,000 rounds depending on how the weapon is fired before the barrel needs to be changed. A over fired barrel will cause the bullets to tumble during flight.The upper receiver on the M4 can be changed out without using any tools, which makes the rifle efficient for the user. Russia made the AK47 to be a cheap, cost effective weapon. The parts that were used all to make the weapon were made not to last. Reliability of the AK47 is what the weapon is known for, and is why the weapon is used all over the world. The rifle can function properly in a dirty environment with little maintenance. The weapon can function after being submersed in mud, water or sand. The simple large parts that make the weapon allow this to happen.When dirty this weapon is less accurate. The AK47 barrel lasts between 6,000 to 15,000 rounds, which is much less than the M4. After all the consideration of all the facts based on the characteristic s of the weapon systems, the M4 carbine has more proficiency marks than the AK47. Knowing that America is the greatest nation in the world, and has the strongest military. I am glad to see that an American made weapon in my eyes is an all around better weapon system for our troops to be using, protecting the country, and fighting the evils that threaten my freedom.

Free Essays on Institutions

There is no doubt that the set of practices associated with â€Å"democracy† were first seen in the West. Most of these democratic nations such as the United States and Britain were strong enough to spread influence to eastern countries such as Japan and even China. There are, however, questions that arise as to why these democratic practices have been set up and even copied throughout the world. The biggest questions dealing with this situation are, is a democracy so much better than other political and governmental setups in the world, and if so, why? To estimate the performance of any political or legal institutions in society, many factors must first be considered. In a successful political and legal institution, all of these factors are present. In a prosperous institution such as the United States there is a clearly defined middle class. While in Brazil there is a rich class and a poor class, with no clearly labeled group of middle class people. A lack of black markets is a factor that promotes political and legal success. Although the United States does have black markets, there are a low number of them, and they are not as numerous or harmful to businesses or people as the black markets in Brazil. In successful institutions, there is always an established, fair judicial system. Here in the United States we have the court system, and an ethical police force, but in countries such as Mexico, courts may be corrupted, and police often try to extort people and even businesses. Another factor that is found in these succes sful institutions is a representative government, and a public that has faith in its government and its systems. These factors are found in the United States, but in many other countries such as Cuba, these systems are replaced by a dictator and a public that only shows a small amount of morale and faith in their government. In the politically and legally successful United States, the economy is healthy ... Free Essays on Institutions Free Essays on Institutions There is no doubt that the set of practices associated with â€Å"democracy† were first seen in the West. Most of these democratic nations such as the United States and Britain were strong enough to spread influence to eastern countries such as Japan and even China. There are, however, questions that arise as to why these democratic practices have been set up and even copied throughout the world. The biggest questions dealing with this situation are, is a democracy so much better than other political and governmental setups in the world, and if so, why? To estimate the performance of any political or legal institutions in society, many factors must first be considered. In a successful political and legal institution, all of these factors are present. In a prosperous institution such as the United States there is a clearly defined middle class. While in Brazil there is a rich class and a poor class, with no clearly labeled group of middle class people. A lack of black markets is a factor that promotes political and legal success. Although the United States does have black markets, there are a low number of them, and they are not as numerous or harmful to businesses or people as the black markets in Brazil. In successful institutions, there is always an established, fair judicial system. Here in the United States we have the court system, and an ethical police force, but in countries such as Mexico, courts may be corrupted, and police often try to extort people and even businesses. Another factor that is found in these succes sful institutions is a representative government, and a public that has faith in its government and its systems. These factors are found in the United States, but in many other countries such as Cuba, these systems are replaced by a dictator and a public that only shows a small amount of morale and faith in their government. In the politically and legally successful United States, the economy is healthy ...

Free Essays on This Question Is Related To The Tort Of Negligence.

There are three elements that must be present for an act or omission to be negligent; (1) The defendant owed a duty of care towards the plaintiff; (2) The defendant breached the duty of care by an act or omission; (3) The plaintiff must suffer damage as a result - be it physical, emotional or financial. The court might decide that Freddy (the plaintiff) was owed a duty of care by Elvis (the defendant) if they find that what happened to Freddy was in the realm of reasonable forseeability - any harm that could be caused to a 'neighbour' by Elvis' actions that he could reasonably have expected to happen. The 'neighbour principle' was established in the case of Donoghue v. Stevenson (1932). Donoghue was bought a ginger beer by her friend from an ice-cream parlour. She discovered a partially decomposed snail inside the opaque bottle. She claimed that she suffered from gastro-enteritis and nervous shock as a result, and sued the manufacturer. She could not sue for breach of contract (the contract being that the manufacturer would provide the consumer with products that would not harm her) because her friend had purchased it for her, so she sued for negligence. Lord Atkinson, who was the judge at the trial, said the case hinged on the question, do the manufacturers owe the consumer, as wel l as the buyer (the parlour), a duty of care? Is the plaintiff the defendant's 'neighbour', to whom the plaintiff owed a duty of care? Lord Atkinson said that a neighbour is anyone that you might closely and directly affect by your actions. So it was established that the manufacturer did owe a duty of care to Mrs. Donoghue, in that it was up to them to make sure that snails did not get into their bottles of ginger beer, as it directly affected Mrs. Donoghue's well-being. From this legal precedent, I would say that Elvis harmed his neighbour, Freddy, negligently, because he did closely and directly affect his well-being by not taking into accoun... Free Essays on This Question Is Related To The Tort Of Negligence. Free Essays on This Question Is Related To The Tort Of Negligence. There are three elements that must be present for an act or omission to be negligent; (1) The defendant owed a duty of care towards the plaintiff; (2) The defendant breached the duty of care by an act or omission; (3) The plaintiff must suffer damage as a result - be it physical, emotional or financial. The court might decide that Freddy (the plaintiff) was owed a duty of care by Elvis (the defendant) if they find that what happened to Freddy was in the realm of reasonable forseeability - any harm that could be caused to a 'neighbour' by Elvis' actions that he could reasonably have expected to happen. The 'neighbour principle' was established in the case of Donoghue v. Stevenson (1932). Donoghue was bought a ginger beer by her friend from an ice-cream parlour. She discovered a partially decomposed snail inside the opaque bottle. She claimed that she suffered from gastro-enteritis and nervous shock as a result, and sued the manufacturer. She could not sue for breach of contract (the contract being that the manufacturer would provide the consumer with products that would not harm her) because her friend had purchased it for her, so she sued for negligence. Lord Atkinson, who was the judge at the trial, said the case hinged on the question, do the manufacturers owe the consumer, as wel l as the buyer (the parlour), a duty of care? Is the plaintiff the defendant's 'neighbour', to whom the plaintiff owed a duty of care? Lord Atkinson said that a neighbour is anyone that you might closely and directly affect by your actions. So it was established that the manufacturer did owe a duty of care to Mrs. Donoghue, in that it was up to them to make sure that snails did not get into their bottles of ginger beer, as it directly affected Mrs. Donoghue's well-being. From this legal precedent, I would say that Elvis harmed his neighbour, Freddy, negligently, because he did closely and directly affect his well-being by not taking into accoun...

The Persistence of Memory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Persistence of Memory - Essay Example The painting is best known for its surrealistic elements and can appear to be irrational, unsettling, paradoxical or even nonsensical. But beneath the veneer of this confusion lies its aesthetic merit and conceptual integrity. In the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) where it is currently displayed, it is placed alongside The Disintegration of Persistence of Memory, which was painted twenty years later and meant to be a revision of the earlier work. It is interesting to note that in the intervening period the Second World War happened, which significantly altered Dalis understanding of reality. Also, in the years between 1931 and 1954, Albert Einsteins General Theory of Relativity would become highly acclaimed. This had a profound effect on artists and intellectuals of the time, including Salvador Dali. In this context, it is instructive to study Dalis watches as a manifestation of such theoretical physics concepts as the time-space continuum, time-warp, etc. This internal transformation in the artists understanding of physical reality would manifest itself in his later works. Hence a comparative study of The Persistence of Memory and its revised version would not only give insights into the mind of the artist but also the evolving geo-political realities and scientific discoveries of the twentieth century. It is due to aforementioned special qualities of the work that I chose it for my 3D project. Moreover, I took it up as a challenge to replicate disfigured pocket watches shown in the painting. But this task is not easy due to certain reasons. For example, creating soft watches in 2D is relatively easier than in 3D, for it is easier for the 2D artist to suspend laws of physics in favor of the idea he projects. Further, it is not always feasible to replicate in 3D what was depicted in 2D. I took inspiration from the fact that Dali himself had overcome these challenges in

What are the factors that influence effective discharge from hospital Literature review

What are the factors that influence effective discharge from hospital of older people - Literature review Example The discussion aimed at analysing and investigating factors that influence effective discharge from hospital of older people. For this purpose, literature analysis pertaining to the research topic was conducted. After filtering more than 500 research papers of the period 2008-13; a total of 15-20 were selected with the criteria of focusing on the strategies related to the effective discharge of older people. Based on the results, it was found that effective discharge of older people depends on a number of internal and external factors. In this regard, system and healthcare environment, patients’’ knowledge, social factors, healthcare policies, effective communication, and planned policies play an important and decisive role. Additionally, it was found that hospitals need to focus more on understanding the needs and demands of older people and accordingly planning the assessment and discharge policies leading to mutual value. Finally, it was concluded that effective disc harge policies require proper planning, transparent assessment, and effective policies and communication for creating better results. Exclusion criteria were kept simple and precise and thus, articles, research papers, journals, and irrelevant academic books were excluded from the selection criteria. Articles accused of duplication and offering little understanding over the research topic were also not included. Additionally, studies conducted outside the UK and Western countries were also not included in the assessment and analysis process. Articles adding little value in terms of offering information on discharge policies of hospitals were excluded. Information through conferences and other proceedings were not used for the assessment process. 20 Stuen believed that effective discharge is a process used to decide the requirements of patients in terms of moving from one stage to another. In the healthcare industry, effective discharge of

Racial profiling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Racial profiling - Essay Example pend on philosophical and religious determinations of whether ends justify means in situations such as aviation terrorism, and whether certain means, such as racial profiling, can never be justified by ends† (Bloom 1). If racial profiling will continue giving accurate predictions about developing aviation terrorism, then the issue of stereotyping, by definition, does not occur. In other countries like Canada, racial profiling is not explicitly endorsed in the anti-terrorism legislation. However, this does not indicate that racial profiling does not happen in Canada. The Canadian law does not target individuals openly based on their race but it tends to keep out groups seeking equality through its application. There are a few indicators suggesting that Canadian Muslims and Arabs are subjected to racial profiling. For instance, several high profile cases indicate that racial profiling takes place in Canada in its fight against terrorism (Bahdi 297). In Canada, racial profiling is not giving any comfort or solutions to problems of security. It is only heightening the sense of vulnerability and disempowerment of racialized groups in Canada (Bahdi

Death Penalty Essay Example for Free

Death Penalty Essay Capital punishment or also known as death penalty is the killing of an individual by a state which serves as punishment for committing unlawful actions and retribution on behalf of the victims. Several countries such as China, Saudi Arabia, Japan and the United States have retained this process of executing criminal. Different views regarding this issue have arisen but most people especially those governed by religious sectors have went up against the idea of death penalty. Death penalty has already gained its popularity worldwide. In fact, it was often the theme in any debate or even the usual conversation, thus lead to the emergence of several arguments which are in favor and against death penalty.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Implementation of death penalty has several advantages. Death penalty provides closure to the victim’s families. It was very hard for family members of the victim to forget the traumatic experience and recover form the loss of a loved one. In fact there are cases that the relatives of the victim do not recover at all. This sort of closure is a great help for the recovery of the relatives. Life in prison is not enough punishment compare to death sentence which gives finality to the horrifying experience felt by the members of the family.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In death penalty, justice is better served. The primary principle of justice is that a crime deserves an equivalent punishment. Hence, when someone brutally murders another person, he deserves to be put into death. Just like what the code of Hammurabi have stated, an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Implementation of death penalty prevents the crime from happening again. If criminals are not put into death, we are not assured that this kind of person would not do such crimes again. On the other hand, death penalty can execute all criminals but there are cases that implementation of death penalty may include execution of an innocent man. Do you mind an innocent individual will suffer from death? Implementation of death penalty is a good way of obtaining â€Å"justice† but can we call it justice—killing an innocent. Another argument against death penalty is that it is arbitrary and capricious. Implementation of death penalty often favours well-off individuals or people who have money. How about the poor ones? Only the rich are able to afford a highly competent lawyer, thus makes the process unfair. Those accused people who are struggling from poverty cannot pay good attorneys thus making their chances of being acquitted very little. See how unfair it was? Even appealing to court was not possible. There are even cases that convicted wealthy persons pay the judge with a very big amount of money in order to become free of death penalty. Death penalty is geographically contingent which that it depends on state to sate. Maybe for this place, death penalty is not implemented but on others it is strictly performed. Death penalty also is racist and classist in nature. Race really makes a big difference when it comes to the implementation of death execution. For an instance, a black murdered a white victim. The black will executed 4 times than any other races. Still racial discrimination is dominant. That becomes a big problem of implementation of death penalty. One cannot avoid looking at races. Everyone is created equally by a supreme being God; hence one must receive equal rights and equal opportunities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Some will surely say that implementation of death penalty can reduce crimes because of the fear of death. That belief is not true. It is not true due to the fact that some people commit crimes when they are not on the good state of mind. How can they think of fear of death if they cannot think rationally?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   We have presented both the pros and cons of death penalty. Death penalty is good in some ways but also awful in some other manner. Every human has different perspective regarding this social issue. Death penalty may be good for some but some would surely disagree with it. What is important is we respect everybody’s opinion. Work Cited Gregory, David L. â€Å"2000.Legal Arguments Against the Death Penalty. 2 April 2008   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.vincenter.org/95/gregory.html. Messerli, Joe. â€Å"November 11, 2007. Should the death penalty be banned as a form of punishment?†. 2 April 2008 http://www.balancedpolitics.org/death_penalty.htm.

Unfair Dismissal Legislation

Unfair Dismissal Legislation In this paper we will examine the tension between unfair (employee) dismissal legislation and the autonomy of managers to run their departments as they see fit. Interestingly, the question refers to managers right to manage their employees: It should be stated at the outset, unlike the rights afforded to employees by legislation and the common law, which are enforceable rights per se; there is no such right enshrined in the law to protect the autonomy of managers. It is also interesting to note that the question does not ask us to d iscuss the degree to which unfair dismissal legislation takes away managers right to manage their employees effectively or well, or ask us to comment upon whether or not the suppression of managers autonomy is a good or a bad thing for the development of a healthy and effective commercial workplace. We will argue in this essay that such an assessment is central to the question of this paper. After all, for example, the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984, which seeks (inter alia) to regulate the conduct of Police Officers, might well be seen to take away rights of the police to arrest citizens, but only does so to protect the citizen from unconstitutional and unacceptable authoritarian practices. Likewise, in the case of unfair dismissal legislation, if the effect is to prevent poor management practice, then this cannot be seen as a negative thing. The worry is that such legislation will interfere with good management, by creating expectations in the minds of employees regarding the standard acceptable processes which govern their employment and as such, might prevent managers from taking the initiative to be creative and progressive in their management approach. The question therefore boils down to whether or not the current unfair dismissal legislation in the UK is sufficiently flexible to allow management creativity to blossom to the advantage of all stakeholders in the employee-management-employer relationship. Unfair dismissal of employees is governed by Part X of the Employment Rights Act 1996, as amended by Part 3 of the Employment Act 2002. The right to not be unfairly dismissed is defined is s94 of the 1996 Act, and s95 of the same act outlines the circumstances which are capable of giving rise to a breach of this employment right. Hepple and Morris (2002) p255 comment upon the amendments to the unfair dismissal legislation introduced by the Employment Act 2002: â€Å"[T]he new statutory standard and modified disciplinary procedures, broad in conception but minimalist in their requirements, ‘are so rudimentary in nature that they afford little protection to employees[and] ‘fall significantly short of the requirements of the current ACAS Code and of the standards of reasonableness developed by tribunals†. This would seem to suggest that this legislation has had little impact upon curtailing the right of managers to manage their employees, especially in light of the fact that there is no significant deterrent effect arising from the remedy contained in s34(6) of the 2002 Act, which only entitles an unfairly dismissed employee to four weeks pay compensation. It also seems apparent that s34(2) of the Employment Act 2002 has reversed the case law decision of Polkey v A. E. Dayton Services [1988] in which it was decided that employers (and, more importantly, their managers) should be reasonable in their choice and use of employee dismissal procedures. S34(2) of the Employment Act 2002 introduced s98A into the Employment Act 1996, subsection 2 of which states: â€Å"[F]ailure by an employer to follow a procedure in relation to the dismissal of an employee shall not be regarded for the purposes of section 98(4)(a) as by itself making the employers action unreasonable if he shows that he would have decided to dismiss the employee if he had followed the procedure.† Again, there is nothing in this section which would suggest that managers rights to employ their own styles of disciplinary procedure have been curtailed: As long as the procedures employed lead to a decision identical to that which would have been generated through adherence to the standard dismissal procedures contained in the UK Employment Acts. It might be argued that that this procedural latitude will not be enforced to its full extent, and therefore that employers and their managers cannot rely upon its provisions to escape liability for nonprocedural conforman ce, but, as Collins (2004) reports: â€Å"The potential width of this exception should not be underestimated†. In regards to this amendment and also to the introduction of the ACAS code under the Employment Act 2002, Smith and Morton (2006) write: â€Å"In spite of government declarations, it is not clear how the ACAS Code and case law can impose a higher procedural standard than the statutory procedures in an unfair dismissal claim, although the test of a reasonable employer (whose action will fall within the range of reasonable responses) remains. Henceforth an employer defending a dismissal may argue that adherence to a procedure above the statutory minimum or the ACAS Code would not have led to a different outcome.† It would therefore seem that, under the new unfair dismissal regime, employers have even more latitude to escape liability for unfair dismissal by procedural unfairness and therefore, even less reason to reign in their managers by insisting on extra training or standard management practices. It should also be noted that under the Employment Tribunals (Constitution and Rules of Procedure) Regulations 2001, the maximum award available to an employer from an employee who unsuccessfully brings a claim in the employment tribunal has been substantially increased as it now, by virtue of the Employment Tribunal Regulations 2004, can also include non-legal preparation costs. This must serve as a deterrent to employees from making frivolous and/or poorly constructed claims for unfair dismissal. Ans so, our analysis of the UK legislative framework on unfair dismissal all point to a conclusion that this regime does not have any significant effect upon the right of managers to manage their employees, so long as the procedures utilized are synonymous by result. However, there is often a big difference between the legal impact of legislation and its cultural effect. Let us now perform a literature review of several key sources in the field of employee management to see if the practical and real effect of the amended unfair dismissal legislation has been to curtail the creativity of managers or otherwise interfere with their right to manage their employees, effectively or otherwise. The first point which can be identified from the literature is that the legislation on unfair dismissal has had different effects on different sized of business. Whilst the research is relatively out of date, it seems clear that the small business sector has been the least affected by the formal dismissal regime. As Harrison et al (1998) write: â€Å"The major studies (e.g. Dickens et al., 1985) are now dated and there have been few attempts to up-date earlier assessments of the impact of unfair dismissal legislation on small firms (e.g. Clifton and Tatton-Brown, 1979; Daniel and Stilgoe, 1978; Evans et al., 1985). This research and the periodic WIRS surveys (Millward et al., 1992) indicated that small businesses were less likely to have formal disciplinary procedures than larger businesses. This would suggest that small business managers autonomy to manage in their own way has not been significantly ‘taken away by the UKs unfair dismissal legislation and its enshrined standar d procedures. This is confirmed by the findings of a case study analysis by Harrison et al (1998) who found that: â€Å"The presence of a formal written disciplinary procedure does not, of itself, ensure that it is applied/observed by all managers, nor that common disciplinary standards will be applied to all employees, or even to all employees in the same occupation, grade, etc. For example, two instances were found where the senior site manager in multi-site companies in the catering sector was not familiar with the requirements of their companies written procedures. Harrison et al (1998) also found, from their interviews, that managers in this sector took a flexible approach to disciplinary action. The problem with this is that the approach is likely to differ from manager to manager with the result that the only way companies can maintain consistency is not to change, remove or replace senior managers: â€Å"[T]here was evidence from many of the interviews of a â€Å"flexible approach† being taken to disciplinary actionThis â€Å"flexibility† plainly has its strengths, but it inevitably also raises issues of perceived consistency or inconsistency among employees of actions taken by different managers [I]ts potential effect on both employee morale and on potential unfair dismissal claims and outcomes, was a principal reason why many organizations have restricted the right to dismiss to senior managers.† Interestingly however, the interviews conducted across multi-site organizations revealed that â€Å"managers were able to draw on the wider resources of their organizations, including the advice and expertise of HR/personnel specialists. In some cases these specialists became involved in helping line managers to handle disciplinary cases, usually with the effect of avoiding major discrepancies.† This would suggest that the UK unfair dismissal legislation has had a noticeable impact upon the rights of managers in larger organizations to manage their employees, the procedures clearly being taken seriously if outside help is being drafted in regularly. In pages 457-458, Harrison et al (1998) discuss the effect of unfair dismissal legislation on ‘management style. They confirm our earlier conclusion that Managers are still acting autonomously despite the unfair dismissal legislation: â€Å"There are acknowledged difficulties in attempting to categorise management styles in organisations, not least because they may vary from one manager to another, and from one situation to another.† McCabe and Rabil (2001) write convincingly on the rights of employees and the impact of these rights on employers and their managers. At page 34 they write: â€Å"‘[T]he most critical right of employees is the right to due process (Velasquez, 1982, p. 327)[D]ue process involves a system of checks and balances, it increases the objectivity of decisions‘the topic of due process in work organizations calls for much greater conceptual development, practical experimentation, and systematic research (Aram and Salipante, Jr., 1981, p. 198). Prima facie, these respective statements seem to conflict with one another: On the one hand, McCabe and Rabil talk of ‘objective decision making, and yet on the other, they talk of the need for ‘practical experimentation. However, I would argue that, rather than being mutually exclusive, these observations demonstrate the ability for fair management autonomy to co-exist with principles of due process, if not necessarily consisten cy. Managers can implement their own style of disciplinary procedures into a workplace as long as these implementations are perceived as subscribing to the princinple of due process and the end effects of these implementations are consistent with the outcomes which would have been reached under the statutory procedures. This confirms what we postulated earlier in this essay; namely, that the unfair dismissal legislation does not significantly impede effective and fair management autonomy, but simply prevents managers from managing their employees in ways which are inappropriate or do not follow the principle of ‘due process. As McCabe and Rabil (2001) write: â€Å"Not all managers know how to manage their work force effectively, nor do they all treat their employees fairly. A good due process system cannot make managers manage more fairly. It may provide a strong incentive for them to do that, but if they don t know how, the process itself will not teach them. In conclusion, I would argue that since the inception of the Employment Act 2002, which amended the unfair dismissal legislation contained in the Employment Rights Act 1996, the UKs legislation on the unfair dismissal of employees is sufficiently flexible to allow employers and their managers the autonomy to create and implement their own employee management procedures, so long as these procedures are capable of yielding fair and equitable decisions. Thus, in response to the specific question, to what degree has the unfair dismissal legislation taken away managers right to manage their employees? I would argue that it has significantly taken away this ‘right. However, in relation to the more important question, to what degree has the unfair dismissal legislation taken away managers right to manage their employees fairly and effectively? I would argue that it has not taken away this right significantly.